• The Renaissance and Reformation era brought major changes beyond those in the intellectual and religious life of Western Civilization; overseas exploration and a new type of scientific activity based, not on pure logic, but on observation, shifted the paradigm of how western populations viewed the universe and their place in the world. This week we will explore how overseas expansion and experimental science changed the economic and psychological foundations of Western Civilization, leading the way into the modern era.
  

Readings:

• Chapter #16 (457-488)
• Chapter #17 (Parts of, 500-511)

Discussions:

• Discussion #15: In what ways did the new science of Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo challenge not only the Aristotelian cosmos–foundation of all medieval science–but also the claims of the church?
• Discussion #16: How did Versailles symbolize the authority of the French king and how did the Louis XIV use Versailles as a way to establish and maintain power?

Final…

Writing Exercise

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

• During the sixteenth century, Europe experienced rapid and profound changes in its religious life as a result of the Protestant Reformation. This upheaval against the Roman Catholic Church challenged the very foundation of a society that had already been turned topsy-turvy by the unrest of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance revival of classical culture. This week we will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Protestant Reformation, from its origins in Germany to its expansion throughout Europe, as well as the Catholic Reformation that followed. As we will discover, this religious revolution also impacted political, social, intellectual, and cultural life.
  

Readings:

• Chapter 13: The High Middle Ages (Pages 000-297)
• Chapter 14: The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1500 (Page 298-328)

Discussions: (??/25)

• Discussion #13: What were some of the topics Luther raised in the 95 Theses? What did he see as the major problems with the religious practices of his day?
• Discussion #14: Identify the basic causes, both political and religious, of the bitter struggles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Netherlands. Describe the political and religious dimensions of the settlement of each of these conflicts.

Essay:

• Essay #3: Read Luther’s 95 Theses at the Internet Christian Library. Martin Luther wrote these propositions in order to engage in a debate with fellow theologians. How do the issues Luther present for debate illustrate the problems in the Church of his day?

http://www.jkrowling.com/en_US/

Grade: 100

• Chapter #6:
• Chapter #8:

Discussions:

• Discussion #7: Discuss the factors that contributed to the downfall of Roman imperial administration. What part did the Roman military, the influx of barbarian peoples, and the reforms of Constantine play in this transformation?
• Discussion #8: How did the Europe under the rule of the Charlemagne differ from Europe during the time of Constantine, and what did the title of “emperor” mean during each period?

Assignment:

• Quiz #2…